Higher Education Revolutions in the Gulf

Over the past quarter century, the people of the Arabian Peninsula have witnessed a revolutionary transformation in higher education. In 1990, there were fewer than ten public universities that offered their Arabic-language curricula in sex-segregated settings to national citizens only. In 2015, there are more than one hundred public, semi-public, and private colleges and universities. Most of these institutions are open to expatriates and national citizens; a few offer gender integrated instruction; and the language of instruction is much more likely to be in English than Arabic. Higher Education Revolutions in the Gulf explores the reasons behind this dramatic growth. It examines the causes of the sharp shift in educational practices and analyses how these new systems of higher education are regulated, evaluating the extent to which the new universities and colleges are improving quality. Questioning whether these educational changes can be sustained, the book explores how the new curricula and language policies are aligned with official visions of the future. Written by leading scholars in the field, it draws upon their considerable experiences of teaching and doing research in the Arabian Gulf, as well as their different disciplinary backgrounds (linguistics and economics), to provide a holistic and historically informed account of the emergence and viability of the Arabian Peninsula’s higher education revolutions. Offering a comprehensive, critical assessment of education in the Gulf Arab states, this book represents a significant contribution to the field and will be of interest to students and scholars of Middle East and Gulf Studies, and essential for those focused on higher education

Physiological disturbances and histological damages of reproductive system in male rats resulted by metformin

The current study was designed to evaluate the effects of metformin in some physiological and histological parameters of reproductive system in the diabetic male rats experimentally.  Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups. The (control) first group was treated with normal saline; the second was infected group which included rats diabetic experimentally treated by alloxan; the third and fourth groups were induced diabetic experimentally and received metformin suspension (150 mg kg-1 daily) at one and two doses respectively. Twelve hours was time between these two doses. Reproductive ability was measured by determination of some physiological parameters as count sperm, malformations, motility, dead sperm, weights of sex organs (testes, epididymis, prostate glands and seminal vesicles) and the damaged testicular structure. The present results indicated that the administrated metformin at high doses led to significant decrease (p < 0.05) in total count of sperm, motility and in weights of all sex organs such as testes, epididymis, prostate glands and seminal vesicle, while significant increase (p < 0.05) in sperm abnormalities and dead sperm. Also, the results showed that the diabetes and exposure to metformin caused many malformations of sperm such as shattered sperm, the lacking, hooked and quirky tail, while the abnormalities of head included the lacking, Globozoospermia and elliptical head. The histological damages in testicular structure were observed including the destroyed and raised thickness of connective tissue among seminiferous tubules, necrosis and reduction numbers of spermatocytes along with the congestion of blood vessels. Many histological alterations occurred clearly due to treated with high dose of metformin after diabetic experimentally including the most affected structural troubles as large fracture of seminiferous tubules, expansion of bloody congestion and raise of necrosis in testicular structure

Higher Education Revolutions in the Gulf

Over the past quarter century, the people of the Arabian Peninsula have witnessed a revolutionary transformation in higher education. In 1990, there were fewer than ten public universities that offered their Arabic-language curricula in sex-segregated settings to national citizens only. In 2015, there are more than one hundred public, semi-public, and private colleges and universities. Most of these institutions are open to expatriates and national citizens; a few offer gender integrated instruction; and the language of instruction is much more likely to be in English than Arabic. Higher Education Revolutions in the Gulf explores the reasons behind this dramatic growth. It examines the causes of the sharp shift in educational practices and analyses how these new systems of higher education are regulated, evaluating the extent to which the new universities and colleges are improving quality. Questioning whether these educational changes can be sustained, the book explores how the new curricula and language policies are aligned with official visions of the future. Written by leading scholars in the field, it draws upon their considerable experiences of teaching and doing research in the Arabian Gulf, as well as their different disciplinary backgrounds (linguistics and economics), to provide a holistic and historically informed account of the emergence and viability of the Arabian Peninsula’s higher education revolutions. Offering a comprehensive, critical assessment of education in the Gulf Arab states, this book represents a significant contribution to the field and will be of interest to students and scholars of Middle East and Gulf Studies, and essential for those focused on higher education